Identity and search names
- Common name
- Head-and-tail-light tetra
- Scientific name
- Holopristis ocellifera
- Other names
- Hemigrammus ocellifer, Tetragonopterus ocellifer, Head-and-taillight tetra, Beacon tetra, Holopristis ocellifer
- Category
- Freshwater fish
- Group
- Tetras and characins
- Origin
- Amazon basin and coastal drainages of the Guianas; exact identity must be separated from Holopristis falsa
- Review outcome
- PASSED
Environment and housing
- Environment
- Freshwater
- Care level
- Beginner to intermediate
- Adult size
- Usually 4.5–5 cm total length
- Expected lifespan
- About 4–6 years
- Minimum housing
- At least 90 L with a proper school and open mid-water space
- Temperature
- 23–28 °C
- pH
- 5.5–7.5
- Hardness or minerals
- Soft to moderately hard
- Salinity
- Freshwater
- Lighting
- Subdued to normal lighting with planted or wooded margins
- Social structure
- Keep at least 10 in a stable school
- Placement or swimming zone
- Middle water
- Temperament
- Peaceful schooling characin
- Compatibility
- Use peaceful similarly sized fish and avoid fast aggressive feeders that leave the school underfed
- Habitat structure
- Mature filtered aquarium with open swimming room, leaf litter or wood, plant cover and stable warm water
Feeding and nutrition
- Diet
- Small invertebrates and varied fine prepared foods
- Feeding frequency
- Offer small meals once or twice daily and spread food across the school
Breeding and reproduction
- Breeding or reproduction
- Free-spawning egg scatterer among fine plants or mops; adults provide no care and may consume eggs
- Parental care
- No parental care
System demands
- Filtration
- Use mature biological filtration sized for the full adult group and feeding load, with intake protection where juveniles, long fins or small fish are present. Provide steady turnover without preventing normal swimming or resting.
- Aeration
- Maintain strong surface gas exchange and stable dissolved oxygen. Increase aeration during warm weather, medication, transport recovery, breeding crowding or any ammonia or nitrite event.
- Maintenance
- Test ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, remove waste from feeding and shelter zones, and perform regular temperature- and chemistry-matched water changes before nitrate or dissolved organics accumulate.
Detailed husbandry
- Identity scope
- This profile follows the current combination Holopristis ocellifera. Holopristis ocellifer and Hemigrammus ocellifer are familiar former or alternate spellings/combinations; Holopristis falsa is a distinct species.
- Adult size and space
- Usually 4.5–5 cm total length. At least 90 L with a proper school and open mid-water space. Plan around adult dimensions, activity, social structure, aggression and waste production rather than sale size.
- Social structure
- Keep at least 10 in a stable school
- Placement or swimming zone
- Primary zone: Middle water. Keep that zone usable for movement, feeding and refuge.
- Feeding ecology
- Small invertebrates and varied fine prepared foods
- Feeding plan
- Offer small meals once or twice daily and spread food across the school
- Water stability
- Maintain 23–28 °C; pH 5.5–7.5; hardness/minerals: Soft to moderately hard. Stable oxygenation and nitrogen-cycle control matter more than chasing one exact number.
- Adult projected load
- Plan capacity for Keep at least 10 in a stable school at the documented adult size (Usually 4.5–5 cm total length) in At least 90 L with a proper school and open mid-water space. Include feeding intensity, territorial behaviour and breeding growth rather than counting sale-size juveniles.
- Filtration
- Use mature biological filtration sized for the full adult group and feeding load, with intake protection where juveniles, long fins or small fish are present. Provide steady turnover without preventing normal swimming or resting.
- Aeration
- Maintain strong surface gas exchange and stable dissolved oxygen. Increase aeration during warm weather, medication, transport recovery, breeding crowding or any ammonia or nitrite event.
- Maintenance
- Test ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, remove waste from feeding and shelter zones, and perform regular temperature- and chemistry-matched water changes before nitrate or dissolved organics accumulate.
- Habitat structure
- Mature filtered aquarium with open swimming room, leaf litter or wood, plant cover and stable warm water
- Compatibility plan
- Use peaceful similarly sized fish and avoid fast aggressive feeders that leave the school underfed
- Breeding plan
- Free-spawning egg scatterer among fine plants or mops; adults provide no care and may consume eggs Parental care: No parental care.
- Quarantine
- Quarantine new fish in a separate cycled aquarium with dedicated equipment. Match temperature and mineral chemistry gradually, confirm feeding and normal respiration, and never add transport water to the established aquarium.
- Welfare checks
- Maintain the stated adult space and social structure, verify feeding and intervene early when injury, exclusion, weight loss, abnormal respiration or altered behaviour appears. The accepted combination is now Holopristis ocellifer. Holopristis falsa is a separate species, so old “falsus” labels must not be silently folded into this profile.
- Biosecurity and release
- Never release fish, fry, eggs, aquarium water, sediment, plants or live foods into drains, dams or natural waterways. Confirm current Australian import conditions and South Australian possession, trade and movement rules before acquisition or transfer.
- Main risk
- The current accepted combination is Holopristis ocellifera. Holopristis falsa is a separate species, so old “falsus” or mixed head-and-tail-light labels must not be silently merged.
- Overridable warnings
- The current accepted combination is Holopristis ocellifera. Holopristis falsa is a separate species, so old “falsus” or mixed head-and-tail-light labels must not be silently merged. Any override must still preserve adult space, social welfare, stable chemistry, oxygen and filter capacity.
Welfare and risk
- Welfare checks
- Maintain the stated adult space and social structure, verify feeding and intervene early when injury, exclusion, weight loss, abnormal respiration or altered behaviour appears. The accepted combination is now Holopristis ocellifer. Holopristis falsa is a separate species, so old “falsus” labels must not be silently folded into this profile.
- Main warning
- The current accepted combination is Holopristis ocellifera. Holopristis falsa is a separate species, so old “falsus” or mixed head-and-tail-light labels must not be silently merged.
- Biosecurity
- Never release fish, fry, eggs, aquarium water, sediment, plants or live foods into drains, dams or natural waterways. Confirm current Australian import conditions and South Australian possession, trade and movement rules before acquisition or transfer.
Sources
Source note
Current identity or scope, husbandry, system-demand, welfare and Australian biosecurity evidence checked; active retired-source links removed; all AquaNexus wording is original.
- Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes — Holopristis ocellifera — Current accepted combination, spelling and synonym check
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society — phylogenomic revision of Hemigrammus and allies — Current generic placement and separation of Holopristis lineages
- IUCN Red List search — Holopristis ocellifer — Conservation-status and wild-provenance cross-check
- PIRSA — South Australian noxious fish list — Current South Australian possession and trade restriction cross-check
- DAFF — importing live ornamental fish to Australia — Current Australian live-fish import pathway and permitted-species warning
